Imikoreshereze n'ibungabungwa rya mikorosikopi zo kubaga

 

Bitewe n'iterambere rirambye n'iterambere rya siyansi, kubaga byinjiye mu gihe cyo kubaga mikorosikopi.mikorosikopi zo kubagaNtibituma abaganga babona neza imiterere y’aho kubagwa, ahubwo binatuma habaho kubagwa guciriritse gutandukanye ku buryo budashobora gukorwa n’amaso, bikongera cyane urwego rw’ubuvuzi bwo kubaga, bikongera ubwiza bw’ubuvuzi no gukira kw’abarwayi. Kuri ubu,Mikorosikopi zikorabyahindutse igikoresho gisanzwe cyo kwa muganga. IbisanzweMikorosikopi zo mu cyumba cyo kubagaharimomikorosikopi zo kubaga mu kanwa, mikorosikopi zo kubaga amenyo, mikorosikopi zo kubaga amagufwa, mikorosikopi zo kubaga amaso, mikorosikopi zo kubaga urological, mikorosikopi zo kubaga amaso, namikorosikopi zo kubaga ubwonko, n'ibindi. Hari itandukaniro rito mu bakora n'ibipimo byamikorosikopi zo kubaga, ariko muri rusange birahuye mu bijyanye n'imikorere n'imikorere.

1 Imiterere y'ibanze ya mikorosikopi yo kubaga

Kubaga muri rusange bikoreshamikorosikopi yo kubaga ihagaze(ihagaze hasi), irangwa no gushyirwaho byoroshye kandi byoroshye kuyishyiraho.Mikorosikopi zo kubaga mu buvuzimuri rusange ishobora kugabanywamo ibice bine by'ingenzi: sisitemu ya mekanike, sisitemu yo kureba, sisitemu yo kumurika, na sisitemu yo kwerekana.

1.1 Sisitemu ya Mekanike:Ubwiza buri hejuruMikorosikopi zikoramuri rusange zifite sisitemu zigoye za mekanike kugira ngo zikosore kandi zikoreshwe, zigenzura ko sisitemu zo kureba no kumurikira zishobora kwimurwa vuba kandi mu buryo bworoshye mu myanya ikenewe. Sisitemu ya mekanike igizwe na: ishingiro, uruziga rw'amaguru, feri, inkingi nkuru, ukuboko kuzunguruka, ukuboko kwambukiranya, ukuboko gufatisha mikorosikopi, XY mover itambitse, n'ikibaho cyo kugenzura ibirenge. Ukuboko kwambukiranya muri rusange kwakozwe mu matsinda abiri, hagamijwe gutumamikorosikopi yo kurebakugira ngo wihute unyuze aho bakorewe ubutabazi mu ntera yagutse ishoboka. Imashini ikora XY irashobora gushyira neza aho bakorewe ubutabazimikorosikopiahantu wifuza. Akabaho ko kugenzura ibirenge gagenzura mikorosikopi kugira ngo kazamuke, kamanuka, ibumoso, iburyo, kandi gashobora no guhindura uburyo mikorosikopi yagutse n'uburyo igabanuka. Sisitemu ya mekanike ni igice cy'umubiri waMikorosikopi yo gukora mu buvuzi, kugena urwego rw'imikorere yayo. Mu gihe ukoresha, menya neza ko sisitemu ihamye.

1.2 Uburyo bwo Kwitegereza:Sisitemu yo kureba murimikorosikopi rusange yo kubagamu by'ukuri ni ikintu gihindukamikorosikopi ya stereo ya binocular yo kongera ubwizaSisitemu yo kureba igizwe na: lenzi igaragara, sisitemu yo koroshya ibintu, agace gatandukanya urumuri, lenzi igaragara, prism yihariye, na eyepiece. Mu gihe cyo kubaga, abafasha bakunze gusabwa gukorana, bityo sisitemu yo kureba ikunze gukorwa mu buryo bwa sisitemu ireba kure y’abantu babiri.

1.3 Sisitemu y'amatara: MikorosikopiAmatara ashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: amatara y'imbere n'amatara yo hanze. Akazi kayo ni ak'ibikenewe byihariye, nko gucira amatara y'amaso. Sisitemu y'amatara igizwe n'amatara y'ingenzi, amatara y'inyongera, insinga z'amatara, n'ibindi. Isoko y'urumuri imurikira ikintu uhereye ku ruhande cyangwa hejuru, kandi ishusho ikorwa n'urumuri rugaragara rwinjira muri lens y'icyitegererezo.

1.4 Sisitemu yo kwerekana:Bitewe n'iterambere rihoraho ry'ikoranabuhanga mu ikoranabuhanga, iterambere ry'imikorere yamikorosikopi zikorairimo irushaho kuba ubukungu.mikorosikopi y'ubuvuzi bwo kubagaifite ecran ya televiziyo na sisitemu yo gufata amajwi mu kubaga. Ishobora kwerekana uko ikibazo cyo kubaga kimeze kuri televiziyo cyangwa kuri mudasobwa, bigatuma abantu benshi bareba icyarimwe uko ikibazo cyo kubaga kimeze. Ikwiriye kwigisha, ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi, no kugisha inama ku buvuzi.

2 Amabwiriza yo kwirinda gukoresha

2.1 Mikorosikopi yo kubagani igikoresho cy'izuba gifite inzira igoye yo gukora, gifite ubwiza bwo hejuru, gihenze, cyoroshye kugikoresha kandi kigoye kugisubiza. Gukoresha nabi bishobora gutera igihombo gikomeye byoroshye. Kubwibyo, mbere yo gukoresha, umuntu agomba kubanza gusobanukirwa imiterere n'imikoreshereze yacyo.Mikorosikopi y'ubuvuziNtukazunguruke imisumari n'udushumi kuri mikorosikopi uko ubyishakiye, cyangwa ngo ugire ingaruka zikomeye; Igikoresho ntigishobora gusenywa uko ubyishakiye, kuko mikorosikopi zisaba ubuhanga bwo hejuru mu guteranya; Mu gihe cyo gushyiraho, hakenewe gukosora amakosa mu buryo bukomeye kandi bugoye, kandi biragoye kugarura iyo byasenyutse ku buryo butunguranye.

2.2Witondere kugumanaMikorosikopi yo kubagaSukura, cyane cyane ibice by'ikirahure biri ku gikoresho, nka lens. Iyo amazi, amavuta, n'ibizinga by'amaraso byanduje lens, ibuka kudakoresha intoki, imyenda, cyangwa impapuro mu guhanagura lens. Kubera ko intoki, imyenda, n'impapuro akenshi biba bifite utubuye duto dushobora gusiga ibimenyetso ku buso bw'indorerwamo. Iyo hari ivumbi ku buso bw'indorerwamo, inzoga y'inzobere mu gusukura (anhydrous alcohol) ishobora gukoreshwa mu kuyihanagura ikoresheje ipamba ikuraho amavuta. Niba umwanda ari mwinshi kandi udashobora guhanagurwa, ntuwuhanagure ku ngufu. Nyamuneka shaka ubufasha bw'inzobere kugira ngo bawufate.

2.3Sisitemu y'amatara ikunze kuba irimo ibikoresho byoroshye cyane bitagaragara neza n'amaso, kandi intoki cyangwa ibindi bintu ntibigomba gushyirwa muri sisitemu y'amatara. Kwangirika nabi bizatera kwangirika kudashobora gukosorwa.

3 Kubungabunga mikorosikopi

3.1Igihe cy'ubuzima bw'itara ry'urumuri kuriMikorosikopi yo kubagaBihinduka bitewe n'igihe cyo gukora. Iyo itara ryangiritse rikasimburwa, menya neza ko wasubije sisitemu kuri zeru kugira ngo wirinde igihombo kidakenewe kuri mashini. Igihe cyose umuriro ucanywe cyangwa uzimye, switch ya sisitemu y'amatara igomba kuzimwa cyangwa urumuri rugahindurwa kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka zitunguranye zangiza isoko y'urumuri.

3.2Kugira ngo abaganga buzuze ibisabwa mu guhitamo aho bakorerwa, ingano y'aho bareba, n'uburyo bworoshye mu gihe cyo kubaga, bashobora guhindura aho bakura, uburebure bw'aho bashyira, uburebure, n'ibindi binyuze mu kabati gapima ibirenge. Mu gihe cyo guhindura, ni ngombwa kugenda buhoro kandi buhoro. Mu gihe ugeze aho bashyira, ni ngombwa guhita uhagarara, kuko kurenza igihe ntarengwa bishobora kwangiza moteri bigatuma ihinduka ritagenda neza.

3.3 Nyuma yo gukoreshamikorosikopimu gihe runaka, ingufuri ishobora gupfa cyane cyangwa igacika intege cyane. Muri iki gihe, ni ngombwa gusa gusubiza ingufuri ku buryo ikora neza hakurikijwe uko ibintu bimeze. Mbere yo gukoresha buri gikoreshoMikorosikopi yo gukora mu buvuzi, ni ngombwa kugenzura buri gihe niba ingingo zifunguye kugira ngo hirindwe ibibazo bitari ngombwa mu gihe cyo kubagwa.

3.4Nyuma ya buri gukoresha, koresha isukura ry'ipamba kugira ngo uhanagure umwanda uri kumikorosikopi y'ubuvuzi ikoraBitabaye ibyo bizagorana kuyihanagura igihe kirekire. Uyipfukeho umupfundikizo wa mikorosikopi hanyuma uyishyire ahantu hafite umwuka mwiza, humutse, hatarimo ivumbi, kandi hatangiza imyuka.

3.5Shyiraho sisitemu yo kubungabunga, abakozi b'inzobere bakora igenzura n'ivugurura ry'ibikorwa byo kubungabunga, kubungabunga no gusana ibikoresho bya mekanike, ibikoresho byo kureba, ibikoresho by'amatara, ibikoresho byo kwerekana, n'ibice by'uruziga. Muri make, hagomba kwitonda mu gihe ukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya "circuit".mikorosikopikandi uburyo bwo gukora ibintu mu buryo bugoye bukwiye kwirindwa. Kugira ngo mikorosikopi zo kubaga zongere igihe cyo gukora, ni ngombwa kwishingikiriza ku myifatire ikomeye y'abakozi n'uburyo bita ku bandi kandi bakabakunda.mikorosikopi, kugira ngo zibashe gukora neza kandi zigire uruhare rwiza.