Iterambere ry'ubuvuzi bw'imitsi n'ubuvuzi bw'imitsi mito: Iterambere ry'ibanze mu buvuzi

Kubaga indwara z'ubwonko, byatangiye mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 mu Burayi, ntibyabaye ikigo cyihariye cyo kubaga kugeza mu Kwakira 1919. Ibitaro bya Brigham i Boston byashinze kimwe mu bigo bya mbere byo kubaga indwara z'ubwonko ku isi mu 1920. Cyari ikigo cyihariye gifite uburyo bwose bwo kuvura bwibanda gusa ku kubaga indwara z'ubwonko. Nyuma yaho, hashinzwe Ishyirahamwe ry'abaganga b'indwara z'ubwonko, urwo rwego rwiswe ku mugaragaro, kandi rwatangiye kugira ingaruka ku iterambere ry'abaganga b'indwara z'ubwonko ku isi yose. Ariko, mu ntangiriro z'ubuvuzi bw'indwara z'ubwonko nk'urwego rwihariye, ibikoresho byo kubaga byari bisanzwe, ubuhanga bwari butarakura, umutekano wo gusinziriza wari mubi, kandi ingamba zifatika zo kurwanya ubwandu, kugabanya kubyimba ubwonko, no kugabanya umuvuduko w'ubwonko mu mutwe byari bike. Kubera iyo mpamvu, kubaga byari bike, kandi umubare w'impfu wakomeje kuba hejuru.

Kubaga ubwonko muri iki gihe byatewe n’iterambere ryabyo ritatu ry’ingenzi mu kinyejana cya 19. Icya mbere, gukoresha imiti igabanya ububabare byatumye abarwayi babagwa nta bubabare. Icya kabiri, gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo ubwonko buherereye (ibimenyetso n’ibimenyetso by’ubwonko) byafashije abaganga mu gusuzuma no gutegura uburyo bwo kubaga. Amaherezo, gushyiraho uburyo bwo kurwanya bagiteri no gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ziterwa n’ibiyobyabwenge byatumye abaganga bagabanya ibyago byo kugira ibibazo nyuma yo kubagwa biterwa n’indwara zandura.

Mu Bushinwa, ishami ry’ubuvuzi bw’imitsi ryashinzwe mu ntangiriro za 1970 kandi ryagize iterambere rikomeye mu myaka makumyabiri ishize ryibanda ku bikorwa n’iterambere. Ishyirwaho ry’ubuvuzi bw’imitsi nk’ishami ryafunguye inzira yo gutera imbere mu buhanga bwo kubaga, ubushakashatsi mu buvuzi, no mu burezi bw’ubuvuzi. Abaganga b’imitsi bo mu Bushinwa bagize uruhare runini muri urwo rwego, haba mu gihugu no mu mahanga, kandi bagize uruhare runini mu guteza imbere ubuvuzi bw’imitsi.

Mu gusoza, urwego rw'ubuvuzi bw'imitsi rwateye imbere cyane kuva rwatangira mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19. Guhera ku bushobozi buke no guhangana n'umubare munini w'impfu, gutangiza uburyo bwo gusinziriza, uburyo bwo gushyira ubwonko mu mwanya wabwo, no kunoza ingamba zo kurwanya ubwandu byatumye ubuvuzi bw'imitsi buhinduka urwego rwihariye rwo kubaga. Imbaraga z'Abashinwa mu kubaga imitsi no kubaga mikorosikopi zakomeje gukomera nk'umuyobozi ku isi muri izi nzego. Hamwe no gukomeza guhanga udushya no kwitanga, izi nzego zizakomeza gutera imbere no kugira uruhare mu kunoza ubuvuzi bw'abarwayi ku isi hose.