Iterambere rya optique yerekana amashusho muri microscopes yo kubaga

Mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi, nta gushidikanya ko kubaga ari bwo buryo bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura indwara nyinshi, cyane cyane zikagira uruhare runini mu kuvura kanseri hakiri kare. Urufunguzo rwo gutsinda kwa muganga ubaga ruri mu iyerekwa risobanutse ry’igice cya patologi nyuma yo gutandukana.Mikorosikopi yo kubagaByakoreshejwe cyane mu kubaga kwa muganga kubera imyumvire yabo ikomeye yuburinganire butatu, ibisobanuro bihanitse, kandi bikemurwa cyane. Nyamara, imiterere ya anatomique yigice cya patologiya iragoye kandi iragoye, kandi inyinshi murizo zegeranye ningingo zingirakamaro. Milimetero kugeza kuri micrometero yarenze kure intera ishobora kurebwa nijisho ryumuntu. Byongeye kandi, ingirangingo z'amaraso mu mubiri w'umuntu ziragufi kandi zuzuye, kandi itara ntirihagije. Gutandukana kwose bishobora gutera umurwayi ingaruka, bikagira ingaruka kubagwa, ndetse bikabangamira ubuzima. Kubwibyo, gukora ubushakashatsi no kwiteza imbereGukoramicroscopeshamwe no gukuza bihagije n'amashusho agaragara neza ni ingingo abashakashatsi bakomeje gushakisha byimbitse.

Kugeza ubu, tekinoroji ya sisitemu nkamashusho na videwo, kohereza amakuru, hamwe no gufata amafoto yinjira murwego rwa microsurgie hamwe nibyiza bishya. Izi tekinoroji ntabwo zigira uruhare runini mubuzima bwabantu, ariko kandi zigenda zinjira mubice bya mikorobe. Ibisobanuro bihanitse byerekana, kamera, nibindi birashobora kuzuza neza ibisabwa muri iki gihe cyo kubaga neza. Sisitemu ya videwo hamwe na CCD, CMOS hamwe nandi mashusho yerekana amashusho nkuko yakira isura yagiye ikoreshwa buhoro buhoro kuri microscopes yo kubaga. Video ya microscopes yo kubagabiroroshye cyane kandi byoroshye kubaganga gukora. Kwinjiza tekinoloji igezweho nka sisitemu yo kugendagenda, kwerekana 3D, ubuziranenge bwibisobanuro bihanitse, ukuri kwongerewe (AR), nibindi, bifasha abantu benshi kureba kugabana mugihe cyo kubaga, bikomeza gufasha abaganga gukora neza ibikorwa byimikorere.

Microscope optique yerekana amashusho niyo nyamukuru igena ubuziranenge bwa microscope. Amashusho ya optique ya microscopes yo kubaga amashusho afite imiterere yihariye yo gushushanya, akoresheje ibikoresho bya optique bigezweho hamwe na tekinoroji yerekana amashusho nkibisubizo bihanitse, bitandukanye cyane na CMOS cyangwa CCD, hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryingenzi nka zoom optique hamwe nindishyi za optique. Izi tekinoroji zitezimbere neza amashusho yerekana neza nubuziranenge bwa microscopes, bitanga ibyiringiro byiza kubikorwa byo kubaga. Byongeye kandi, muguhuza tekinoroji ya optique yerekana amashusho hamwe no gutunganya ibyuma bya digitale, igihe nyacyo cyo kwerekana amashusho hamwe no kwiyubaka kwa 3D byagezweho, bitanga abaganga bafite uburambe bwo kubona neza. Mu rwego rwo kurushaho kunoza ubwiza bw’amashusho ya mikorosikopi yo kubaga amashusho, abashakashatsi bahora bashakisha uburyo bushya bwo gufata amashusho bwa optique, nko gufata amashusho ya fluorescence, amashusho ya polarisiyasi, amashusho menshi, n'ibindi, kugira ngo bongere imiterere y’amashusho n'uburebure bwa microscopes; Gukoresha ubuhanga bwubwenge bwa artile nyuma yo gutunganya amakuru ya optique yerekana amashusho kugirango wongere amashusho neza kandi atandukanye.

Muburyo bwo kubaga hakiri kare,microscopesbyakoreshwaga cyane nkibikoresho byo gufasha. Microscope ya binocular ni igikoresho gikoresha prismes na lens kugirango ugere ku iyerekwa rya stereoskopi. Irashobora gutanga imyumvire yimbitse hamwe nicyerekezo cya stereoskopi microscopes idafite. Mu kinyejana cya 20 rwagati, von Zehender yabanje gukoresha ibirahure binini binini mu bizamini by'amaso. Nyuma, Zeiss yazanye ikirahure kinini cyerekana ikirahure gifite intera ikora ya cm 25, ashyiraho urufatiro rwo guteza imbere mikorobe zigezweho. Kubijyanye no gufata amashusho ya microscopes yo kubaga binini, intera ikora ya microscopes yo hambere yari mm 75. Hamwe niterambere no guhanga ibikoresho byubuvuzi, microscope yambere yo kubaga OPMI1 yatangijwe, kandi intera ikora irashobora kugera kuri mm 405. Gukuza nabyo bigenda byiyongera, kandi amahitamo yo gukura ahora yiyongera. Hamwe nogukomeza gutera imbere kwa microscopes ya binocular, ibyiza byabo nkingaruka zifatika za stereoskopique, gusobanuka cyane, hamwe nintera ndende yo gukora byatumye microscopes yo kubaga binini ikoreshwa cyane mumashami atandukanye. Ariko rero, imipaka yubunini bwayo nuburebure bwayo ntishobora kwirengagizwa, kandi abakozi bo mubuvuzi bakeneye guhora bahinduranya kandi bakibanda mugihe cyo kubagwa, ibyo bikaba byongera ingorane zo gukora. Byongeye kandi, kubaga bibanda ku kureba ibikoresho byo kureba no gukora igihe kirekire ntabwo byongera umutwaro wabo gusa, ariko kandi ntibubahiriza amahame ya ergonomique. Abaganga bakeneye gukomeza guhagarara neza kugirango bakore ibizamini byo kubaga abarwayi, kandi biranasabwa guhindura intoki, ibyo bikaba byongera ingorane zo kubaga.

Nyuma ya za 90, sisitemu ya kamera hamwe na sensor yerekana amashusho byatangiye kwinjizwa buhoro buhoro mubikorwa byo kubaga, byerekana ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukoresha. Mu 1991, Berci yashyizeho uburyo bushya bwa videwo yo kwerekana amashusho yo kubaga, hamwe n’intera ishobora guhinduka ya mm 150-500 na diametre yibintu bigaragara hagati ya mm 15-25, mugihe ikomeza ubujyakuzimu bwumurima uri hagati ya mm 10-20. Nubwo amafaranga menshi yo gufata neza lens na kamera muri kiriya gihe byagabanyije ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga mu bitaro byinshi, abashakashatsi bakomeje guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga maze batangira gukora amashusho y’indashyikirwa ashingiye kuri mikorosikopi yo kubaga. Ugereranije na microscopes yo kubaga binini, bisaba igihe kirekire kugirango ukomeze ubu buryo budahinduka, birashobora gukurura umunaniro wumubiri no mumutwe. Ubwoko bwa videwo bwo kubaga microscope yerekana ishusho nini kuri moniteur, ikirinda kumara igihe kirekire mubi. Mikorosikopi yo kubaga ishingiye kuri videwo ibohora abaganga mu gihagararo kimwe, ibemerera gukorera ku mbuga za anatomique binyuze mu bisobanuro bihanitse.

Mu myaka yashize, hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’ikoranabuhanga ry’ubwenge, microscopes yo kubaga yagiye iba ubwenge buhoro buhoro, kandi microscopes yo kubaga ishingiye kuri videwo yabaye ibicuruzwa nyamukuru ku isoko. Video iriho ubu ishingiye kuri microscope yo kubaga ikomatanya icyerekezo cya mudasobwa hamwe nubuhanga bwimbitse bwo kwiga kugirango igere kumenyekanisha amashusho mu buryo bwikora, gutandukanya, no gusesengura. Mugihe cyo kubaga, videwo yubwenge ishingiye kuri microscopes irashobora gufasha abaganga kumenya vuba ingirabuzimafatizo zirwaye no kunoza neza kubaga.

Mubikorwa byiterambere kuva mikorosikopi ya binocula kugeza kuri microscopes yo kubaga ishingiye kuri videwo, ntabwo bigoye kubona ko ibisabwa kugirango ukuri, gukora neza, n’umutekano mu kubaga byiyongera umunsi ku munsi. Kugeza ubu, icyifuzo cyo gufata amashusho ya microscopes yo kubaga ntikigarukira gusa mu gukuza ibice by’indwara, ariko biragenda bitandukanye kandi neza. Mu buvuzi bw’amavuriro, microscopes yo kubaga ikoreshwa cyane mu kubaga imitsi n’umugongo binyuze mu modoka ya fluorescence ihujwe n’ukuri kwagutse. Sisitemu yo kugendana AR irashobora koroshya kubaga uruti rwumugongo, kandi imiti ya fluorescent irashobora kuyobora abaganga gukuraho burundu ibibyimba byubwonko. Byongeye kandi, abashakashatsi bagezeho muburyo bworoshye bwo gutahura amajwi ya polyps na leukoplakia bakoresheje microscope yo kubaga hyperspectral yo kubaga hamwe na algorithm ya shusho. Video yo kubaga microscopes yakoreshejwe cyane mubice bitandukanye byo kubaga nka thyroidectomie, kubaga retina, no kubaga lymphatique muguhuza amashusho ya fluorescence, amashusho menshi, hamwe nubuhanga bwo gutunganya amashusho.

Ugereranije na mikorosikopi yo kubaga ya binocular, microscopes ya videwo irashobora gutanga amashusho y’abakoresha benshi, amashusho yo kubaga asobanura cyane, kandi ni ergonomic, bigabanya umunaniro wabaganga. Iterambere ryamashusho ya optique, digitisation, nubwenge byateje imbere cyane imikorere ya sisitemu yo kubaga microscope yo kubaga, hamwe n’igihe nyacyo cyerekana amashusho, ukuri kwongerewe, hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ryaguye cyane imikorere na moderi ya videwo ishingiye kuri mikorosikopi yo kubaga.

Amashusho ya optique yerekana amashusho azaza ashingiye kuri microscopes yo kubaga azarushaho gusobanuka, gukora neza, no kugira ubwenge, guha abaganga amakuru arambuye, arambuye, kandi yibice bitatu byabarwayi kugirango bayobore neza ibikorwa byo kubaga. Hagati aho, hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryikoranabuhanga no kwagura imirima ikoreshwa, iyi sisitemu nayo izashyirwa mubikorwa kandi itezimbere mubice byinshi.