Iterambere ry'ishusho y'amaso muri mikorosikopi yo kubaga ishingiye kuri videwo

Mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi, kubaga nta gushidikanya ko ari bwo buryo bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura indwara nyinshi, cyane cyane bigira uruhare runini mu kuvura kanseri hakiri kare. Ipfundo ry'uko kubaga kwa muganga w'inzobere ni ukubona neza igice cy'indwara nyuma yo gucibwamo.Mikorosikopi zo kubagabyakoreshejwe cyane mu kubaga kwa muganga bitewe nuko bumva neza imiterere itatu, ibisobanuro bihanitse, n'ubushobozi bwo hejuru. Ariko, imiterere y'umubiri w'igice cy'indwara iragoye kandi iragoye, kandi inyinshi muri zo zegeranye n'ingingo z'ingenzi z'umubiri. Imiterere ya milimetero kuva kuri mikorometero kugeza kuri milimetero yarenze kure urugero rushobora kubonwa n'ijisho ry'umuntu. Byongeye kandi, imitsi y'amaraso mu mubiri w'umuntu ni mito kandi yuzuye, kandi urumuri ntiruhagije. Guhinduka guto kose bishobora kwangiza umurwayi, bigira ingaruka ku ngaruka zo kubagwa, ndetse no gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Kubwibyo, gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbereImikoreremikorosikopihamwe n'ubwinshi buhagije n'amashusho agaragara neza ni ingingo abashakashatsi bakomeje gushakisha mu buryo bwimbitse.

Muri iki gihe, ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki nk'amashusho na videwo, kohereza amakuru, no gufata amafoto riri kwinjira mu rwego rwo kubaga mikorosikopi hamwe n'inyungu nshya. Iri koranabuhanga ntirigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mibereho y'abantu gusa, ahubwo rinagenda ryinjira buhoro buhoro mu rwego rwo kubaga mikorosikopi. Ibyerekanwa bigezweho, kamera, nibindi bishobora kuzuza neza ibisabwa ubu kugira ngo ubuvuzi bube bwiza. Sisitemu za videwo zifite CCD, CMOS n'izindi sensors z'amashusho nk'ubuso bwakira zagiye zikoreshwa buhoro buhoro kuri mikorosikopi zo kubaga. Mikorosikopi zo kubaga za videwoBiroroshye cyane kandi byoroshye kubaganga gukora. Gushyiraho ikoranabuhanga rigezweho nka sisitemu yo kugenda, kwerekana amashusho ya 3D, ireme ry'ishusho rihambaye, ukuri kwaguweho (AR), nibindi, bituma abantu benshi basangira ibitekerezo byabo mu gihe cyo kubaga, birushaho gufasha abaganga gukora neza ibikorwa byo kubaga mu gihe cyo kubaga.

Gufata amashusho ya microscope optical ni cyo kintu nyamukuru kigena ubwiza bw'amashusho ya microscope. Gufata amashusho ya microscopes zo kubaga amashusho bifite imiterere yihariye, hakoreshejwe ibice bigezweho by'amashusho n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gufata amashusho nka sensors za CMOS cyangwa CCD zifite ubushobozi bwo gukora amashusho, ndetse n'ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi nka zoom optical na optical compensation. Iri koranabuhanga rinoza neza uburyo bwo gufata amashusho neza n'ubwiza bwa microscopes, ritanga icyizere cyiza cyo kubona mu kubaga. Byongeye kandi, binyuze mu guhuza ikoranabuhanga ryo gufata amashusho ya optical n'uburyo bwo gutunganya amashusho ya digitale, amashusho ya dynamic actual mu gihe nyacyo n'uburyo bwo kongera kubaka 3D byaragezweho, biha abaganga b'inzobere mu kubaga ubunararibonye bwo kubona amashusho mu buryo bworoshye. Kugira ngo barusheho kunoza ubwiza bw'amashusho ya microscopes zo kubaga amashusho, abashakashatsi bahora bashakisha uburyo bushya bwo gufata amashusho ya optical, nka fluorescence imaging, polarization imaging, multispectral imaging, nibindi, kugira ngo bongere ubushobozi bwo gufata amashusho n'ubujyakuzimu bwa microscopes; Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ry'ubwenge bw'ubukorano mu gutunganya amakuru ya optical imaging kugira ngo bongere ubwiza n'ubusumbane bw'amashusho.

Mu ntangiriro z'ubuvuzi bwo kubaga,mikorosikopi ya binocularByakoreshejwe cyane cyane nk'ibikoresho by'inyongera. Mikorosikopi y'ijisho ni igikoresho gikoresha prism na lenses kugira ngo kigere ku kureba neza. Gishobora gutanga uburyo bwo kubona no kureba neza mu buryo burambuye aho mikorosikopi imwe idafite. Hagati mu kinyejana cya 20, von Zehender ni we watangije ikoreshwa ry'indorerwamo zo gukuza ijisho mu bipimo by'amaso by'abaganga. Nyuma yaho, Zeiss yatangije indorerwamo zo gukuza ijisho zifite intera ya cm 25, ashyiraho urufatiro rwo guteza imbere ubuvuzi bugezweho bwo kubaga. Mu bijyanye no gufata amashusho y'ijisho rya mikorosikopi zo kubaga ijisho, intera yo gukora ya mikorosikopi zo hambere yari mm 75. Hamwe n'iterambere n'udushya tw'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi, mikorosikopi ya mbere yo kubaga OPMI1 yarashyizweho, kandi intera yo gukora ishobora kugera kuri mm 405. Ubunini nabwo buriyongera buri gihe, kandi amahitamo yo kongera ijisho ahora yiyongera. Hamwe n'iterambere rihoraho rya mikorosikopi y'ijisho, ibyiza byazo nko kugira ingaruka nziza za stereoscopic, ubushishozi bwinshi, n'intera ndende yo gukora byatumye mikorosikopi zo kubaga ijisho zikoreshwa cyane mu mashami atandukanye. Ariko, ingano nini n'ubujyakuzimu buto ntibishobora kwirengagizwa, kandi abakozi b'abaganga bagomba gupima no kwibanda kenshi mu gihe cyo kubaga, ibyo byongera ingorane zo kubaga. Byongeye kandi, abaganga bibanda ku kureba no kubaga ibikoresho by'amaso igihe kirekire ntibongera umutwaro wabo gusa, ahubwo banakurikiza amahame agenga imikorere y'umubiri. Abaganga bagomba kugumana imiterere ihamye kugira ngo bapime abarwayi, kandi hakenewe no guhindura imikorere y'intoki, ibyo bikaba byongera ingorane zo kubaga.

Nyuma y’imyaka ya 1990, sisitemu za kamera n’ibikoresho by’amashusho byatangiye kwinjizwa buhoro buhoro mu buvuzi bwo kubaga, bigaragaza ubushobozi bunini bwo gukoresha. Mu 1991, Berci yavumbuye uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha videwo bwo kureba ahantu ho kubaga, bufite intera ihinduka ya mm 150-500 n’umurambararo w’ibintu biboneka uri hagati ya mm 15-25, mu gihe bugumana ubujyakuzimu hagati ya mm 10-20. Nubwo ikiguzi kinini cyo kubungabunga lens na kamera icyo gihe cyagabanije ikoreshwa ry’iri koranabuhanga mu bitaro byinshi, abashakashatsi bakomeje gukurikirana udushya mu ikoranabuhanga maze batangira guteza imbere mikorosikopi zigezweho zo kubaga zishingiye kuri videwo. Ugereranyije na mikorosikopi zo kubaga zikoresha binocular, zisaba igihe kirekire kugira ngo zikomeze gukora ubu buryo bwo gukora budahinduka, bishobora gutuma umuntu agira umunaniro w’umubiri n’uw’ubwonko. Mikorosikopi yo kubaga yo mu bwoko bwa videwo yerekana ishusho nini kuri ecran, yirinda imiterere mibi y’umuganga igihe kirekire. Mikorosikopi yo kubaga ishingiye kuri videwo ibohora abaganga ku myanya imwe, ibafasha kubaga ahantu hagenewe kubaga hakoreshejwe ecran zigezweho.

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, bitewe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’ikoranabuhanga ry’ubuhanga bw’ubukorano, mikorosikopi zo kubaga zagiye ziba abanyabwenge buhoro buhoro, kandi mikorosikopi zo kubaga zishingiye kuri videwo zabaye ibikoresho bikuru ku isoko. Mikorosikopi yo kubaga ishingiye kuri videwo ihuza ikoranabuhanga ryo kureba no kwiga byimbitse kugira ngo imenye amashusho, kuyagabanyamo ibice, no kuyasesengura mu buryo bwikora. Mu gihe cyo kubaga, mikorosikopi zo kubaga zishingiye kuri videwo zishobora gufasha abaganga kubona vuba ingingo zirwaye no kunoza uburyo bwo kubaga.

Mu iterambere kuva kuri mikorosikopi y’ijisho kugeza kuri mikorosikopi yo kubaga ishingiye kuri videwo, ntabwo bigoye kubona ko ibisabwa kugira ngo umuntu akore neza, akore neza, kandi agire umutekano mu kubaga bigenda byiyongera umunsi ku wundi. Muri iki gihe, icyifuzo cy’amashusho y’amashusho ya mikorosikopi yo kubaga ntikigarukira gusa ku kongera ibice by’indwara, ahubwo kirimo gutandukana no gukora neza. Mu buvuzi bw’indwara, mikorosikopi yo kubaga ikoreshwa cyane mu kubaga imitsi n’umugongo binyuze mu buryo bwa fluorescence buhujwe na augmented reality. Sisitemu yo kuyobora AR ishobora koroshya kubaga urufunguzo rw’umugongo, kandi ibikoresho bitanga fluorescent bishobora kuyobora abaganga mu gukuraho burundu ibibyimba byo mu bwonko. Byongeye kandi, abashakashatsi bashoboye kubona polyps zo mu mugongo na leukoplakia hakoreshejwe mikorosikopi yo kubaga ya hyperspectral hamwe na algorithme zo gushyira mu byiciro amashusho. Mikorosikopi yo kubaga ya videwo yakoreshejwe cyane mu nzego zitandukanye zo kubaga nko kubaga tiroyide, kubaga retina, no kubaga lymphatic binyuze mu guhuza na fluorescence imaging, multispectral imaging, n’ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya amashusho mu buryo bw’ubwenge.

Ugereranyije na mikorosikopi zo kubaga zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya binocular, mikorosikopi za videwo zishobora gutanga amashusho akoreshwa n'abantu benshi, amashusho yo kubaga afite ibisobanuro bihanitse, kandi zikora neza kurushaho, zigabanya umunaniro wa muganga. Iterambere rya optique imaging, digitalization, n'ubwenge byazamuye cyane imikorere ya sisitemu za optique za mikorosikopi zo kubaga, kandi amashusho akoresha ikoranabuhanga rya dynamic, augmented reality, n'izindi koranabuhanga byaguze cyane imikorere na module za mikorosikopi zo kubaga zishingiye kuri videwo.

Ishusho y'amashusho y'amashusho y'amashusho y'ubuganga bw'ejo hazaza izaba nziza, ikora neza kandi ifite ubwenge, iha abaganga amakuru arambuye, arambuye, kandi y'impande eshatu z'abarwayi kugira ngo bayobore neza ibikorwa byo kubaga. Hagati aho, hamwe n'iterambere rihoraho ry'ikoranabuhanga no kwaguka kw'amashami akoreshwa, ubu buryo buzakoreshwa kandi butezwe imbere mu nzego nyinshi.