Isesengura ry’impinduka mu ikoranabuhanga n’ikoreshwa ry’imikorosikopi yo kubaga mu nzego zitandukanye

 

Mikorosikopi yo kubaga ni igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyo kugera ku bikorwa nyabyo mu buvuzi bwa none. Nk'igikoresho cy'ubuvuzi gihuza sisitemu z'amatara zifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru, imiterere y'imashini ikora neza, n'ibikoresho by'ubwenge byo kugenzura, amahame yacyo y'ingenzi arimo gukura kw'amatara (ubusanzwe 4 × -40 × ihinduka), urubuga rwo kureba amashusho rutangwa namikorosikopi ikora kuri darubini, urumuri rukonje rwa coaxial (rugabanya kwangirika k'ubushyuhe bw'ingingo), n'uburyo bwo gukoresha amaboko bwa roboti (bushyigikira aho ijisho riherereye muri dogere 360). Ibi biyifasha kunyura mu bushobozi bw'ijisho ry'umuntu, kugera ku buziranenge bwa milimetero 0.1, no kugabanya cyane ibyago byo gukomereka kw'imitsi n'amaraso.

 

ⅠAmahame ya tekiniki n'imikorere y'ingenzi

1. Sisitemu zo gufotora no gufata amashusho:

- Sisitemu ya binocular itanga urwego rw'ishusho ruhuza umuganga ubaga n'umufasha binyuze muri prism, rufite umurambararo wa milimetero 5-30, kandi rushobora kwihuza n'intera zitandukanye z'amaso n'imbaraga zo gusubiza inyuma. Ubwoko bw'ibishushanyo mbonera birimo urwego rugari rw'ishusho n'ubwoko bwa prothrombin, ubwa nyuma bushobora gukuraho amakosa no kwemeza ko amashusho y'inkombe asobanutse neza.

- Sisitemu y'urumuri ikoresha ubuyobozi bwa fiber optique, ifite ubushyuhe bw'ibara rya 4500-6000K n'urumuri rushobora guhindurwa (10000-150000 Lux). Ihujwe n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukumira urumuri rutukura, bigabanya ibyago byo kwangirika k'urumuri rwa retina. Itara rya Xenon cyangwa halogen hamwe n'imiterere y'urumuri rukonje kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika k'ubushyuhe bw'ingingo.

- Uburyo bwa spectroscope na module yo kwagura amashusho mu buryo bwa digitale (nk'uburyo bwa kamera ya 4K/8K) bufasha kohereza no kubika amashusho mu buryo bwihuse, bigatuma byoroha kwigisha no kugisha inama.

2. Imiterere n'umutekano by'imashini:

- Ibikoresho byo gukoresha mikorosikopibigabanyijemo ibice bihagaze hasi kandimikorosikopi zikoresha icyuma gifunga amezaIya mbere ikwiriye ibyumba binini byo kubaga, mu gihe iya nyuma ikwiriye ibyumba byo kugisha inama bifite umwanya muto (nk'amavuriro y'amenyo).

- Igikoresho cy'amashanyarazi gifite ubushobozi bwo kuringaniza no kurinda impanuka, kandi gihagarika kugenda ako kanya iyo gihuye n'ubudahangarwa, bigatuma habaho umutekano mu gihe cyo kubaga.

 

Ⅱ、 Uburyo bwihariye bwo gukoresha no guhindura ikoranabuhanga

1. Ubuvuzi bw'amaso n'ubuvuzi bw'indwara ya cataract:

Itsindamikorosikopi ikora ku buvuzi bw'amasoni uhagarariye mu rwego rwamikorosikopi ikora amasoIbisabwa by'ingenzi birimo:

- Ubushobozi bwo gukora neza cyane (bwongereweho 25%) n'ubujyakuzimu bunini bw'aho umuntu akorera, bigabanya umubare w'abakora ibikorwa byo kwibanda ku mubiri igihe babagwa;

- Igishushanyo mbonera cy'urumuri ruto (nk'ukomikorosikopi yo gukora isuzuma ry'amaso rya cataract) kongera ihumure ry'umurwayi;

- Uburyo bwo kugenda mu buryo bwa 3D n'imikorere ya OCT mu gihe cyo gukora bituma habaho ihinduka ry'umurongo wa kristu mu buryo bunonosoye muri 1 °.

2. Ubuvuzi bw'amagufwa n'ubuvuzi bw'amenyo:

- Itsindamikorosikopi y'imikorere y'indwara zo mu bwonkoikeneye gukoreshwa mu bikorwa byo mu bwobo buto cyane (nk'ishyirwa mu cyuma gifunganye), ifite lensi ndende y'uburebure bwa focal (250-400mm) na module ya fluorescence (nk'ifotora ya ICG).

- Itsindamikorosikopi yo gukoresha amenyo Ikoresha igishushanyo mbonera cy'inzira y'urumuri, ifite intera ishobora guhindurwa ya mm 200-500. Ifite lensi ntoya yo guhinduranya n'ikirahure gihindagurika kugira ngo ihuze n'ibikenewe mu mikorere myiza nko gutunganya imizi y'imiyoboro y'amazi.

3. Kubaga ubwonko n'umugongo:

- Itsindamikorosikopi yo kubaga ubwonko bisaba autofocus, robotic joint locking, na ikoranabuhanga ryo gufata amashusho ya fluorescence (kugira ngo imitsi y'amaraso ikemuke ku rugero rwa milimetero 0.1).

- Itsindamikorosikopi yo kubaga uruti rw'umugongobisaba uburebure bwinshi bw'ikirenge (1-15mm) kugira ngo ihuze n'ibice byimbitse byo kubaga, hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura ubwonko kugira ngo igere ku gucika intege neza.

4. Kubaga plastike n'umutima:

- Itsindamikorosikopi yo kubaga pulasitikibisaba uburebure bw'umurima n'urumuri ruto rw'ubushyuhe kugira ngo birinde imbaraga z'urumuri no gushyigikira isuzuma ry'uburyo amaraso atembera mu buryo nyabwo binyuze muri angiography ya FL800 mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi.

- Itsindamikorosikopi ikora indwara z'umutima n'imitsiyibanda ku buryo butagorama bwo kugabanya imitsi y'amaraso kandi isaba ko ukuboko kwa roboti gufite ubworoherane n'imbaraga za elegitoroniki.

 

ⅢIterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho

1. Uburyo bwo kuyobora ibitaro mu gihe cyo kubaga no gufasha robo:

- Ikoranabuhanga rya Augmented reality (AR) rishobora gutwikira amashusho ya CT/MRI mbere yo kubagwa mu rwego rwo kubaga kugira ngo rigaragaze inzira z'imitsi n'imitsi mu gihe nyacyo.

- Sisitemu zo kugenzura kure za robo (nk'ama-microscope agenzurwa na joystick) zinoza imikorere ihamye kandi zikagabanya umunaniro w'umukoresha.

2. Guhuza ubushobozi bwa super-resolution na AI:

- Ikoranabuhanga rya mikorosikope ebyiri rikoresha photon rigera ku ishusho y’urwego rw’uturemangingo, rihujwe na algorithme za AI kugira ngo hamenyekane imiterere y’uturemangingo mu buryo bwikora (nk’imipaka y’ibibyimba cyangwa imitsi), kandi rigafasha mu gukata neza.

3. Guhuza amashusho menshi:

-Ishusho y'urumuri rw'ibara ry'umutuku (ICG/5-ALA) ihujwe na OCT yo mu gihe cyo kubagwa bifasha uburyo bwo gufata ibyemezo mu gihe nyacyo bwo "kureba mu gihe cyo gukata".

 

ⅣGuhitamo imiterere n'ibiciro by'ibiciro

1. Igiciro cy'ibiciro:

- Ishingiromikorosikopi yo kubaga amenyo(nk'uburyo bwo kohereza amashusho bwa zoom bw'urwego rutatu) bugura hafi miliyoni imwe y'amayuan;

- Indashyikirwa zo mu rwego rwo hejurumikorosikopi yo gukora imitsi(harimo na kamera ya 4K na fluorescent navigation) bishobora gutwara miliyoni 4.8 z'amayuan.

2. igikoresho cyo gukoresha mikorosikopi:

-Ibikoresho by'ingenzi birimo umukingo wo gusukura (udapfa ku bushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi), agace k'amaso gashyira imbere, agace gatandukanya urumuri (indorerwamo z'inyongera/zo kwigisha), n'igipfukisho cyihariye gikingira indwara.

 

ⅤIncamake

Mikorosikopi zo kubaga zavuye ku gikoresho kimwe cyo gukuramo ibintu byinshi bishya kijya ku buryo bwo kubaga bugezweho. Mu gihe kizaza, hamwe no guhuza cyane uburyo bwo kugenzura imiterere y'umubiri, kumenya ubuhanga bwa gihanga, n'ikoranabuhanga rya robotike, agaciro kayo k'ingenzi kazibanda ku "ubufatanye bw'abantu n'imashini" - mu gihe binoza umutekano n'imikorere myiza yo kubaga, abaganga baracyakeneye ubumenyi buhamye bw'imiterere y'umubiri n'ubuhanga mu mikorere nk'ishingiro. Igishushanyo cyihariye (nk'itandukaniro riri hagatimikorosikopi yo gukora uruti rw'umugongonamikorosikopi ikora amaso) kandi kwagura mu buryo bw'ubwenge bizakomeza gusunika imbibi z'ubuvuzi bugezweho bugana mu gihe cya submilimetero.